ReRun - Mobile App

The easiest way to recycle

Spring 2022

ReRun is a gig economy platform that works similar to apps like DoorDash or UberEats. The app connects those with recyclables with contract drivers who can pick them up and deliver them to the nearest recycling drop off point.

Project Details

Primary Tools

Time

100 hours

Product Type

Mobile App &
Product Concept

Project Background

The recycling burden

When it comes to the environment, most people want to do the right thing.

But if you don't have curbside recycling service, making the environmentally conscious choice can be a chore.

Figuring out what items are recyclable, where each item needs to go, and how to get them there, can leave many feeling it's just not worth it.

Eunomia - via World Economic Forum

The US recycling rate sits at just 34%, notably lower than comparable countries

Secondary Research Sources >

The EPA is hoping to get that number to 50% by 2030

My launching point for this project will be to create a mobile application that could help the US Environmental Protection Agency achieve this goal.

This will limit the area of service to inside the United States, and offers a clear business challenge to address.

*I, nor this project are affiliated with the US EPA

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

User Interviews

Interviewing Renters

My hypothesis, was that there was an opportunity to improve the recycling experience for those without curbside service, and the group that is least likely to have curbside service, are renters.


Low Service Availability

Renters are reliant on the property owner as to whether or not recycling service is available on property, and for property owners, recycling is not often an amenity they're willing to provide.

If service isn't available on site, it's up to the renter, (depending on their own transportation availability) to get those recyclables to the nearest recycling drop off point.


Nomadic Lifestyle

Renters also move around a lot more often than homeowners, meaning they have to continually adjust to the guidelines for recycling in each municipality.

For these reasons, Renters and Apartment dwellers were the priority for me to hear from.
User Interview Questions >
User Interview Mapping >

Interview Takeaways

Apartment living complicates recycling

My hypothesis that the burden of recycling or proper waste disposal is higher for renters and apartment dwellers than for those who are homeowners.

There’s a couple reasons for this. One factor, is renters are much more likely to move around more often, meaning they have to research recycling availability each time they move.

Apartment management companies are also much less likely to provide recycling to their residents, and even when they do, it’s usually a limited scope of materials accepted and inconvenient access.


Even highly motivated individuals struggled

A number of those I interviewed identified recycling and proper waste disposal as something they were highly interested in addressing, still found themselves throwing recyclable material in the trash.


Mindset is key

For those who had experience with proper waste sorting, they considered proper disposal more as a civic duty and moral responsibility, than they did before that experience. For these individuals it is often perplexing to see others throwing recyclables in the trash, and users described feeling hurt about having to throw recyclables away.


Unconventional Solutions

I was struck by how creative my users got when it came to finding solutions for dealing with their waste, including repurposing, or using a Starbucks recycling bin.


Uncertainty is widespread

I was not surprised to find participants had trouble answering questions, particularly around types of plastics. Labelling adds confusion, and regulations change depending on the service.
There is also uncertainty that even if they do recycle, those items will end up in a landfill regardless, or if recycling is really ‘green’ at all. (which it certainly isn’t a perfect solution.)


Many problems can’t be solved with a digital tool

Problems like lack of service, or nearby centers and lack of storage inside an apartment are unlikely to be addressable through an app/digital tool.

These areas I’ll steer away from, as solutions will fall outside of the scope of this project.


Accountability helps

Participants reported higher participation in proper waste disposal when they had friends and family that were highly motivated.

Synthesizing Insights

Problem Definition

How might we...

  • Enable/facilitate motivated individuals to take action?
  • Reduce the burdens of time, energy and storage on our users?
  • Make recycling more accessible to those without curbside service?

Crafting a Persona

My user persona Chris, similar to many of the individuals I interviewed is highly motivated to recycle, but due to his nomadic lifestyle, he has difficulty keeping up with local regulations and doesn't always have time to spend on research.

Concept Identification

Ideation

I gave myself 15 minutes to start brainstorming solutions, just listing them out as they came to me.

Usually, this would just be the first step in choosing a solution to pursue; however, when I started brainstorming a gig economy solution, it got me really excited about how it could potentially address virtually all the problems users were facing. A search for comparable benchmarks yielded no directly comparable service in the US, although tangentially related concepts were added to my market research.
Market Research >

Considering the Driver

While designing the experience for the driver was outside of the scope of this project, it was still important to understand what needs and concerns they have, and what information the user will need to provide for them to be able to efficiently complete the task.

Learning from personal experience

I have experience driving for DoorDash, as does my brother, who I interviewed for insight/s into the process and experience of interacting with the contractor-facing app and all the considerations that go into the delivery experience.

Taking that delivery experience and brainstorming challenges that potentially come with handling recyclables, I was able to troubleshoot issues from the ReRun driver's perspective, without investing too much time in research.

Addressing 'Wish-cycling'

Good Intentions, Bad results

A serious issue facing US recycling efforts is a phenomenon known as 'wish-cycling', in which well-intentioned individuals will throw non-recyclables in their recycling (mostly plastics).

This results in more harm than good, as it contaminates the load of material and will have to be sorted out by hand.

Shifting the knowledge burden

To counter this, it will be the responsibility of ReRun drivers to ensure the purity of the recycling content, so instead of the burden laying with the customer to learn every detail of the recycling guidelines in their community.

The Driver's would need to learn and understand exactly what materials are recyclable and what condition they need to be in.

The customer will be encouraged to provides them with only recyclable material, but ultimately the driver will have to vet the items prior to delivery.

The driver can let the user know which items aren't recyclable, so the next ReRun, they know not to include those items.

Show me the Proof!

Are my recyclables just going to a landfill?

Users cited uncertainty over whether their recyclables were really being recycled as a key pain point that made them less motivated to recycle.

Delivery Proof

Proof of delivery for most delivery platforms takes the form of a photo of an order left at the door, as the customer is also typically the final stop for deliveries.

In this scenario however, the final stop would be at the recycling drop off location and a photo won't be enough to communicate confirmation to the user.

Instead, the ReRun driver will take a brief video of themselves confirming that the items are being disposed of properly and noting any items that weren't recyclable.

ReRun would also need to properly vet the participating recycling center's to make sure they are in fact recycling recyclables.

Interaction Design

Defining Product Requirements

Platforms with similar functionality like Uber Eats, Grubhub, Doordash and Uber served as a roadmap for what users were already accustomed to when it came to arranging a delivery-based task for a vehicle-based gig worker to fulfill.
Information Needed from User >

Structuring the App

The primary goal for users will be arranging a pickup, and so the focus of the app is getting users through that process successfully.

To prevent confusion, this app will revolve around this single complex task and everything else, is simply to aid the user in preparing for, understanding, and arranging a recycling pickup.
Scheduling a Pickup - Task Flows >

User Flow

Taking Site Map and Task Flows, I constructed a comprehensive user flow, detailing how a user could make their way from setting up an account, arranging a pickup, and leaving a review.
User Flow >

Prototyping & Testing

Prototyping

I determined it would be most important to test the core functionality of the app, around arranging a recycling pickup.

There was a lot of information that needed to be gathered from the user, so I broke this down into the basics of: Who? Where? What? When?

This was version 2, after some of the initial issues were identified and resolved, but prior to introducing color.
Low Fidelity Prototype >
Key Testing Goals
User Testing - Questions >
Testing hurdles
  • Once the Pickup is arranged, the app relies heavily on street maps/navigation functionality to track the driver of your recyclables. Simulating this in testing was very difficult, particularly in an early stage prototype.
  • There's a lot of variables that come with dealing with different types and amounts of recyclables, and this test only considers one scenario.
  • This prototype can't test the greater customer experience of the real world logistics this product would involve. For that, I would have to use the prototype in the context of an actual recycling pickup & drop off.

User Feedback - Key Takeaways

Insight Mapping >

Branding & UI Development

Brand Identity

Since the concept for this platform is novel, It was important to bring familiar reference points that users could use to anchor their understanding of what this platform allows them to do.

Name
The name 'ReRun' a shortened version of 'recycle run' was an alliteration reference to familiar platform 'DoorDash'.

Symbol
The famous chasing arrows recycling logo has such strong associations with the act of recycling, that I felt I needed to incorporate some reference to it in my symbol.

Logotype & Color
I wanted to capture the energetic nature of one of these 'Runs' from the driver's perspective. This drove decisions like italicized logotype and the bright, energetic green and orange accent colors, almost similar to a fitness app.

Theme & Color
This is a service that many consumers will see as an optional convenience, so there will be a higher expectation of premium experience. The easiest way to achieve that look, was working with a darker theme, accented with the bright green and orange.

Theme & UI
Glow effects on elements highlighted in green is meant to exude a more futuristic aesthetic. Care was taken to ensure legibility through strong contrast.

UI elements are built around simple rules:
  • Forms have a small 2pt radius.
  • Buttons/interactive elements have a more rounded appearance with a smoother 25pt radius.

High Fidelity Design

Refined Design

Combining the updated system theme with the feedback from user testing, I was able to take the same process from the first prototype and develop a new testable prototype with much higher fidelity.
Hi Fidelity Prototype >

Determining Location

Location Services is a great way to quickly gather info like current city, state and zipcode. However, especially in multi-unit housing this is not precise enough to get an accurate street address, so that will have to be entered manually.

Adding a photo

Serves as the easiest way for the customer to communicate to their driver what needs to be taken, where it is, and whether their vehicle has enough capacity to accept the order.

Leaving a review

Feedback from my earlier round of testing revealed users were more likely to leave a review when the experience of leaving one was as frictionless as possible.

Project Takeaways

Product Concept

User Interface & Experience

  • An initial high fidelity design direction proved to not stand up to contrast standards, and I needed to change a number of design elements.

    The pivot to a new theme ended up leading to a more visually appealing interface, that ensures all text meets the highest accessibility standards.
  • Through user testing, design review, and by studying choices made by similar platforms, the process and interactions matured into a solution that remove the burden many feel comes with recycling.